Yemen

OVERVIEW

Yemen’s recent history has been tumultuous and dogged with conflict and political crisis. As such, while the peace agreements and national dialogue bodies reflected women’s presence and interests in what a post-Arab Spring Yemen might look like, the various gender provisions could not be realised in the face of escalating conflict and the subsequent humanitarian crisis that remains ongoing. The role of women today has also been shaped by the political divides present in Yemen, as the Yemeni state was only unified in 1990. The two regions in Yemen have a different history in relation to women’s roles in political, economic and cultural spaces. In the current context, discussions relating to women’s participation are framed in terms of insecurity, concerns about insecurity due to the heightened presence of armed groups, other conflict-related violence, extremism and the unfolding humanitarian disaster.

STRENGTH OF GENDER PROVISIONS

Agreement on the Implementation Mechanism for the Transition Process in Yemen in Accordance with the Initiative of the Gulf 2011

0
None
1
Weakest
2 3 4 5
Strongest
Human Rights  
Development
Post-Conflict Issues
Violence Against Women
Participation  
General

Comprehensive National Dialogue Report 2014

0
None
1
Weakest
2 3 4 5
Strongest
Human Rights  
Development  
Post-Conflict Issues  
Violence Against Women  
Participation  
General  

The Peace and National Partnership Agreement

0
None
1
Weakest
2 3 4 5
Strongest
Human Rights
Development
Post-Conflict Issues
Violence Against Women
Participation  
General

WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION:
KEY CONSTRAINTS AND ENABLERS

Constraints

  1. Highly insecure environment – predominately violence but also food insecurity
  2. Prevalence of conservative religious ideology
  3. Widespread abuse by security forces
  4. Fragmentation of women’s movements in Yemen

Enablers

  1. Active and visible participants in demonstrations
  2. Strong presence of women in transition bodies
  3. A history of women’s organising and presence in the different political factions